Trigeminal Nerve
The trigeminal nerve, also known as the fifth cranial nerve, is the largest of the twelve cranial nerves and plays a vital role in facial sensation and motor functions. It divides into three main branches:
- the ophthalmic nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus),
- the maxillary nerve (Nervus maxillaris), and
- the mandibular nerve (Nervus mandibularis).
These branches supply the skin, mucous membranes, and teeth of the face, as well as certain motor functions, such as chewing.
The trigeminal nerve is central to TMD (temporomandibular disorders), as it governs the sensory and motor functions of the face and masticatory muscles. Irritations or strain in the jaw joint or muscles can aggravate the trigeminal nerve, leading to radiating pain in the face, head, or neck.